Fast algorithms for 2-D circular convolutions and number theoretic transforms based on polynomial transforms over finite rings

In this paper, we develop new fast algorithms for 2-D integer circular convolutions and 2-D number theoretic transforms (NTT). These new algorithms, which offer improved computational complexity, are constructed based on polynomial transforms over 2, ; these transforms are Fourier-like transforms over Z1,[.r], which is the integral domain of polynomial forms over Z,. Having defined such polynomial transforms over Z,, we prove several necessary and sufficient conditions for their existence. We then apply the existence conditions to recognize two applicable polynomial transforms over Z,: One is for 1) equal to Mersenne numbers and the other for Fermat numbers. Based on these two transforms, referred to as Mersenne number polynomial transforms (MNW) and Fermat number polynomial transforms (FNPT), we develop fast algorithms for 2-D integer circular convolutions, 2-D Mersenne number transforms, and 2D Fermat number transforms. As compared to the conventional row+lumn computation of 2-D "IT for 2-D integer circular convolutions and 2-D NTT, the new algorithms give rise to reduced computational complexities by saving more than 25 or 42% in numbers of operations for multiplying 2', i 2 1; these percentages of savings also grow with the size of the 2-D integer circular convolutions or the 2-D NTT.